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schmitt trigger

debounce

analog to digital

electronics

opamp

how to

tutorial

guide

00:00:00

and what you see there is the analog

00:00:03

signal turned digital with inversion

00:00:07

simple as can be right hey what's

00:00:21

happening guys we are going to talk

00:00:23

about today quickly is the Schmitt

00:00:27

trigger which kind of looks like that

00:00:36

and there's a reason for that

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and we'll get into that but first let's

00:00:41

talk about something dirty that's right

00:00:48

noisy signals in your digital circuits

00:00:54

so we all expect our sine wave to look

00:01:00

something like that

00:01:02

but in effect you know it kind of looks

00:01:06

like this in the real world and I'm

00:01:12

going to tell you right now there's

00:01:14

really not much you can do about it it

00:01:17

happens components are not perfect

00:01:23

power supplies output noise everything

00:01:28

has induced capacitance and inductance

00:01:31

which kind of acts as antennas and it

00:01:34

picks things up so let's say for

00:01:39

instance

00:01:42

this is our zero volt line and we need

00:01:52

to trigger on the zero crossing point in

00:02:00

our circuit right okay so there's your

00:02:03

perfect condition now in our non perfect

00:02:11

condition we end up with this and if we

00:02:21

zoom in and take a close look at that

00:02:28

what we may have here is the signal

00:02:33

crossing one two three times well does

00:02:38

that sound familiar to you guys at work

00:02:39

with arduino z' it should its bounce so

00:02:47

happens when you press a button but

00:02:50

there is a simple way to get around it

00:02:53

and that's the Schmitt trigger now I

00:02:59

know you guys are gonna say what's the

00:03:01

point of building this circuit when you

00:03:03

can just buy a Schmitt trigger I see

00:03:05

well the point of building this circuit

00:03:07

is to understand how it works and why it

00:03:11

works so let's take a look again at our

00:03:18

signal

00:03:24

so we'll have our dirty signal again

00:03:29

very exaggerated but you get the idea

00:03:31

and right here is where it crosses three

00:03:37

or four times what we need to have

00:03:40

happen is we need it to cross one time

00:03:42

and basically the way to do that is to

00:03:46

convert our dirty sine wave into a

00:03:56

cleaner square wave and the way we do

00:04:00

that now if you guys are gamers or if

00:04:04

you fly RC planes or use RC cars you're

00:04:07

going to know this term is a dead zone

00:04:11

also known as hysteresis alright new

00:04:19

piece of paper

00:04:26

so what we can do with our Schmitt

00:04:30

trigger

00:04:36

is null out this area here so again this

00:04:46

is our zero volt and say for instance

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this is plus 0.5 and this is minus 0.5

00:04:55

volts we can have basically a 1 volt

00:05:04

null area where nothing happens so now

00:05:10

what we are going to get a positive

00:05:13

going trigger at plus 0.5 volts and we

00:05:17

will get a negative going through will

00:05:20

get a rising edge and a falling edge at

00:05:29

plus 0.5 and minus 0.5 and it's an

00:05:34

incredibly simple circuit

00:05:45

you guys are familiar with that right

00:05:47

it's an op-amp so how are we gonna do

00:05:51

this all right so our signal is going to

00:05:59

come in through the inverting input from

00:06:07

the output we are going to create

00:06:15

something that looks like this

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we have here r1 r2 r2 is going to ground

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what have we created a voltage divider

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and what do we have here positive

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feedback

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so by doing this and figuring out the

00:06:54

values of our two resistors and using

00:07:02

the voltage divider formula we can tell

00:07:06

what our hysteresis equals all right so

00:07:13

let's take a look at the circuit let's

00:07:20

zoom in here all right for right now we

00:07:26

pull these out so it's clear for you

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guys this is the LM 741 okay pin two is

00:07:39

our inverting input pin three is our

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non-inverting input pin four is our

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negative supply pin six is our output

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and pin eight is our positive supply so

00:07:56

I've got a couple of nine volt battery

00:07:59

clips here so we'll have an 18 volt

00:08:03

supply here this is a 10k resistor this

00:08:09

is a 1k resistor so from the output we

00:08:13

form a voltage divider at the point

00:08:16

where they connect the voltage divider

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point feeds back into our non-inverting

00:08:20

input our signal is fed into the

00:08:26

inverting input and we'll hook this guy

00:08:31

here up to the oscilloscope

00:08:37

and we'll see what happens

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okay I'm feeding in a 10 volt

00:08:49

peak-to-peak one kilohertz sine wave

00:08:53

that is channel 1 the yellow channel

00:08:57

passing it through our circuit and what

00:09:00

do we get a perfect inverted square wave

00:09:04

an analog-to-digital converter with

00:09:08

hysteresis that doesn't give a flying

00:09:11

crap about the noise with our 10k

00:09:17

resistor and our 1k resistor we have

00:09:21

about 1 volt or so of hysteresis we've

00:09:28

got the dead zone our noisy sine wave is

00:09:34

now a beautiful square wave and if we

00:09:39

zoom all the way in there see even on a

00:09:43

digital signal you can see the noise

00:09:45

there on that sine wave we're looking at

00:09:49

40 microseconds here and that edge on

00:09:52

the square wave is still very nice yeah

00:09:59

we got a little bit of jitter here but

00:10:02

if we stop that boom that's at four

00:10:06

microseconds

00:10:12

so I hope you guys enjoyed this video on

00:10:15

the Schmitt trigger how to use it you

00:10:18

can use it to D bounce your buttons you

00:10:22

can use it to clean up noise in your

00:10:23

power supply circuits boost converters

00:10:26

buck converters there's a thousand and

00:10:28

one uses for a Schmitt trigger they're

00:10:30

everywhere

00:10:32

you just don't know about it like aliens

00:10:38

so if you liked this video give me the

00:10:41

thumbs up comment share don't forget to

00:10:44

subscribe please check out the patreon

00:10:46

page big thanks to all those guys who

00:10:48

supported the channel so far that's it

00:10:51

I'm out peace

00:10:55

[Music]

Description:

Get professional PCBs for low prices from www.pcbway.com --~-- IN this video we look at the Schmitt trigger. It's a circuit for creating a single input triger from a noisy input signal. You can buy ready-made ST's but in this video we look at how they work and how easy it is to create your own. If you like the videos and want to keep help keep this channel alive, please visit the Patreon page and a pledge a dollar a month. This will be much appreciated and get you some exclusive perks available only to Patreon supporters, https://www.patreon.com/profile/creators?u=7902073 If a recurring monthly comittment makes the hairs on the back of your neck stand up, but you still want to help support the channel you can send a PayPal gift to arduino0169@gmail.com. Please make sure you tell me your Youtube name in the note so I know who to thank.

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