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00:00:00
the coronavirus is one of the biggest
00:00:02
threats to u.s. national security with
00:00:04
the number of cases in the u.s. growing
00:00:06
larger than China or Italy the
00:00:08
government is taking drastic measures to
00:00:10
fight the disease I want to assure the
00:00:13
American people that we're doing
00:00:14
everything we can each day to confront
00:00:16
and ultimately defeat this horrible
00:00:19
invisible enemy we're at war in a true
00:00:22
sense we're at war President Trump
00:00:24
activated the National Guard in
00:00:26
California New York and Washington to
00:00:28
help combat the spread of the virus and
00:00:31
I want to thank our national guard now
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you did such a good job that I'm asking
00:00:36
for four more from the president the
00:00:40
administration emphasized that
00:00:41
activating the National Guard is not an
00:00:44
indication of a plan to move toward
00:00:46
martial law martial law is a very
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specific state of affairs and the very
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dire state of affairs where the military
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has taken over all the functions of
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civil government people's rights should
00:01:02
be protected alongside their health and
00:01:05
safety
00:01:06
some fear coronavirus may be used as an
00:01:08
excuse to limit civil liberties in
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America others say the declaration of
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martial law would be ineffective in
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combating the disease and an abuse of
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power so how likely is it that martial
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law will be declared in the u.s. in
00:01:23
response to the corona virus outbreak
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martial law is commonly understood as
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when the military and not the judicial
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system acts as the supreme power and
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armed forces control all aspects of
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government martial law is a very extreme
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measure very unusual measure which is
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essentially the replacement of civilian
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government by military when you bring
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the military out into a situation of
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martial law well you're ultimately
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saying is we're no longer going to be
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patient with people's civil rights we're
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no longer going to be patient with
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people's needs and excuses for why they
00:02:01
may have to do something that the
00:02:03
military doesn't want them to do the
00:02:04
military is ultimately designed to
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impose bill by force that's that's what
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the military is therefore
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martial law occurs only in dire
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circumstances where either the local
00:02:16
government is no longer able to control
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a situation or in instances of attacks
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our system is structured to safeguard
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the separation between civilian and
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military government that is codified in
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something called the Posse Comitatus Act
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which explicitly prohibits the use of
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federal military forces to execute while
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martial law is distinct from the
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suspension of habeas corpus the two may
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happen in tandem when martial law forces
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courts to close habeas corpus is Latin
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for that you have the body a writ of
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habeas corpus means that a prisoner or
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other detainee must be brought before
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the court to determine if the person's
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imprisonment or detention is lawful the
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strict form of martial law that the
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Supreme Court has required in order to
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suspend habeas corpus has only come when
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the courts in fact are closed and if the
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courts are open then you don't have
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essentially martial law proper and
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therefore you still have the right to
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habeas corpus to go to those open courts
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and say I'm being held unlawfully I mean
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being held without charge etcetera
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suspension of habeas corpus which is
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extreme and and this historic abuse is
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really not what is happening now and our
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Constitution safeguards against that if
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there were any incredibly unlikely abuse
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of that kind of power there would be
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challenges following the over 3-year use
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of martial law in Hawaii the Supreme
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Court's 1946 decision upheld a Civil War
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case that declared martial law is only
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constitutional when an emergency forces
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courts to close you can suspend habeas
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corpus under the Constitution in
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situations of insurrection and incy or
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invasion and so in situations of
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insurrection or invasion it often is the
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case the courts won't be open the police
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won't be able to do their jobs trash
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hole won't be able to be picked up in
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the ordinary way so martial law might be
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necessary and if martial law is
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necessary it may very well be that
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habeas corpus gets this
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while enforcing a quarantine or social
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distancing orders during the corona
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virus outbreak may feel like an
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infringement on civil liberties it does
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not negate the presence of a judicial
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system and therefore does not suspend
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habeas corpus the social distancing
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that's being imposed in in places like
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New York City and around the country
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right now would be much stricter and
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there your ability to violate those
00:04:46
kinds of turkeys would probably be much
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more curtailed if they were being
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enforced by soldiers in fact advances in
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technology like video chat allow courts
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to stay open during isolation and
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Quarantine a judge could sit across from
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them just like you and I are sitting
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right now and actually hear that case
00:05:03
and so there may not actually be a
00:05:05
legitimate reason to suspend habeas
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corpus and I'll give you one example of
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how that's actually played out in
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practice detainees in Guantanamo have
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habeas corpus here
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they haven't been using this kind of
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video teleconference that we're all now
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growing accustomed to for about the past
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15 years I think advances in technology
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probably make the need to suspend habeas
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corpus far less than it ever was when
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you literally had to go out and
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literally carry the body into a
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courtroom that was open but it also made
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challenge the basic rules the courts
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have laid out in habeas corpus cases to
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understanding when were in martial law
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and when martial law is actually truly
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justified at the federal level the power
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of the President to essentially declare
00:05:47
martial law in parts of the country has
00:05:50
traditionally only been authorized or
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approved by the courts where the state
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government is unwilling or unable to
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essentially enforce federal law people
00:06:02
often talk about activating the National
00:06:04
Guard as assigned martial law may be
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declared activating the National Guard
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does not mean that martial law is being
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enforced it does mean that the local or
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state government may need extra
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assistance from the federal government
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Division of the National Guard is not
00:06:20
inherently martial law in fact what the
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law permits is the use of state National
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Guard's under civilian control which is
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the governor's in order to carry
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emergency humanitarian assistance
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functions as of early April 20 2013 air
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and Army National Guard members have
00:06:46
been supporting coronavirus response
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efforts at the direction of their
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governor's they have helped build an
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outfit nearly a hundred and 50 alternate
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care facilities providing 83 thousand
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extra beds the state government runs
00:07:00
most of the day-to-day functions of the
00:07:02
government it's called the police powers
00:07:04
so even quarantines within a state are
00:07:07
entirely done by the state the federal
00:07:09
government by law only has the authority
00:07:11
to use federal power to enforce
00:07:15
quarantines between states are at orders
00:07:17
the National Guard is a unique body that
00:07:19
reports to the governor of a state but
00:07:21
may also be called upon for federal
00:07:23
responsibilities National Guard units
00:07:26
can operate especially under one of
00:07:30
three different kinds of statuses so the
00:07:33
first would be state active duty which
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is largely what's happening now the
00:07:39
oversight and the command and control
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authority rests with the civilian
00:07:44
governor there's also something called
00:07:47
Title 32 Duty I'm simplifying when I say
00:07:51
that the National Guard troops may be
00:07:53
deployed in the service of the United
00:07:56
States they can be federally paid for
00:08:00
but they remain under the control of
00:08:04
each state civilian governor and then
00:08:08
there's something which is more rare
00:08:09
which is title 10 duty when the National
00:08:13
Guard is deployed by the president for a
00:08:16
federal purpose the National Guard is
00:08:20
often called upon in times of natural
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disasters civil unrest domestic
00:08:24
emergencies and more in situations where
00:08:27
the president feels that the governor is
00:08:28
failing to comply with federal law or is
00:08:31
in some way another resisting under law
00:08:33
the president can take over the National
00:08:36
Guard unilaterally and use it to carry
00:08:39
out and protect federal law so in this
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pandemic if state civilian agencies and
00:08:46
resources
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are overwhelmed and unable to avert
00:08:51
disaster mission guard personnel may
00:08:53
provide supporting humanitarian
00:08:56
assistance requested by states governors
00:08:59
under civilian leadership and oversight
00:09:02
the National Guard's role in providing
00:09:06
this humanitarian assistance should be
00:09:08
transparent it should be time limited it
00:09:10
should be subject to civil rights
00:09:13
safeguards and accountability and public
00:09:17
oversight the National Guard Bureau told
00:09:20
CNBC the response is neighbors helping
00:09:22
neighbors the National Guard will
00:09:24
conduct these missions in a professional
00:09:26
and friendly manner I think people
00:09:28
should be careful about throwing around
00:09:30
the idea and concept of martial law both
00:09:33
because I think it unnecessarily scares
00:09:35
people but it also unnecessarily
00:09:38
normalized as an idea that we don't want
00:09:40
to normalize if we treat every use of
00:09:43
the military particularly the National
00:09:45
Guard as encroaching martial law then if
00:09:49
you're lowering the threshold for what
00:09:51
martial law means
00:09:52
martial law has been enacted a few times
00:09:55
throughout US history most significantly
00:09:57
during the Civil War and following the
00:09:59
attack on Pearl Harbor during World War
00:10:01
two but people point to Hawaii because
00:10:04
that is the classic example of
00:10:06
replacement of civilian government by
00:10:09
military government tourists I was 11
00:10:11
years old when Pearl Harbor was attacked
00:10:13
she lived under martial law in Hawaii so
00:10:17
I was on the third floor and all of a
00:10:19
sudden I was missed huh Uncas blasts
00:10:22
like a bomb going off and I said what is
00:10:26
that door jumped up and looked out the
00:10:28
window and took Dartmouth or I could see
00:10:31
Pearl Harbor but there was no Pearl
00:10:34
Harbor it was only black folks that's
00:10:37
all I saw
00:10:38
it was a total complete capable and the
00:10:41
worst thing I think about all of the
00:10:43
regulations that we had to file place to
00:10:46
drop out all windows had to be painted
00:10:50
black in case you were caught leaving a light
00:10:53
on or whatever you benefited in some
00:10:56
sort of a military tribunal and the
00:10:59
Tribunal's who are very hard
00:11:01
courts had to shut down all regulations
00:11:05
everything all broken yet to the
00:11:08
military parts you couldn't have an
00:11:10
attorney annually this fine sent to
00:11:13
prison for the rest of the war of hard
00:11:16
labor all your blood we know this from
00:11:20
history that the government is prone to
00:11:23
committing abuses in times of crisis and
00:11:27
we must ensure that broad claims of
00:11:30
power are not misused beyond legitimate
00:11:34
needs and we're watching closely to make
00:11:37
sure that that doesn't happen the u.s.
00:11:40
can look to the international community
00:11:42
for how successful martial law may be in
00:11:45
combating the virus one can think of the
00:11:48
People's Republic of China the use of
00:11:50
very stringent measures primarily
00:11:51
quarantine and social aggressive social
00:11:54
distancing measures but also aggressive
00:11:56
testing and and even isolation of people
00:11:58
who show symptoms it seems to have
00:11:59
proven to be effective the National
00:12:01
Guard Bureau said there has been no
00:12:03
discussion about using the National
00:12:05
Guard to enforce a nationwide quarantine
00:12:08
and that the National Guard remains
00:12:09
under the control of state governors I
00:12:12
don't think we're anywhere close to
00:12:14
martial law you know the society has not
00:12:16
broken down to the point where the
00:12:18
military is necessary in order to keep
00:12:20
society running but I think we should
00:12:22
all should be very concerned about
00:12:23
whether or not our civil government if
00:12:25
we're that we're funding it enough that
00:12:27
we're giving it the resources and
00:12:29
requiring the people who are running our
00:12:31
government to be competent enough to
00:12:32
actually carry on the government the
00:12:34
functions of government without having
00:12:36
to resort to the military I understand
00:12:39
ears and anxieties are high but martial
00:12:42
law is essentially the replacement of
00:12:46
civilian government by military
00:12:49
government that is anathema to American
00:12:54
democracy it is also not what is
00:12:58
happening

Description:

Martial law is essentially the replacement of civilian government by the military. Some fear coronavirus may be used as an excuse to limit civil liberties in America. Others say the declaration of martial law would be ineffective in combating the disease and an abuse of power. » Subscribe to CNBC: https://www.youtube.com/user/cnbc?sub_confirmation=1 » Subscribe to CNBC TV: https://www.youtube.com/cnbctelevision?sub_confirmation=1 » Subscribe to CNBC Classic: https://www.youtube.com/cnbcclassic?sub_confirmation=1 About CNBC: From 'Wall Street' to 'Main Street' to award winning original documentaries and Reality TV series, CNBC has you covered. Experience special sneak peeks of your favorite shows, exclusive video and more. Connect with CNBC News Online Get the latest news: https://www.cnbc.com/ Follow CNBC on LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/cnbc Follow CNBC News on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser Follow CNBC News on Twitter: https://cnb.cx/FollowCNBC Follow CNBC News on Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser #CNBC Why Coronavirus Is Unlikely To Lead To Martial Law In The U.S.

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