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00:00:00
[Music]00:00:16
[Music]00:00:41
so00:00:44
thank you00:00:59
welcome to australia00:01:02
we're currently in the northeast of the00:01:04
australian continent and beneath us lies00:01:07
the great barrier reef00:01:21
the magnificent clear water stretches as00:01:24
far as the eye can see00:01:26
beneath the surface lie the coral reefs00:01:29
that have spread across the entire area00:01:32
huge structures already visible from the00:01:34
air00:01:35
a truly exhilarating view00:01:38
[Music]00:01:44
what we can't see from up here is an00:01:46
astonishing variety of life forms00:01:49
waiting for us in the reef's depths00:01:51
they are the reason for our visit to00:01:53
this marvel of nature00:02:06
the great barrier reef is the largest00:02:08
coral reef on the globe00:02:10
it lies by the east coast of queensland00:02:13
state at a length of about 2 30000:02:15
kilometers00:02:17
the total area covered by the reef spans00:02:20
a stunning 350 000 square kilometers00:02:29
it's home to an incredible abundance of00:02:31
life00:02:32
2600 types of fish00:02:35
600 types of corals00:02:37
and clams up to 120 years of age are00:02:40
among its inhabitants00:02:42
since 198100:02:44
the great barrier reef is part of the00:02:46
unesco world heritage00:02:54
we meet with a true veteran of the great00:02:56
barrier reef00:02:57
a man whose life is deeply connected00:03:00
with the reef now for over 40 years00:03:02
the american-born00:03:04
john romney00:03:08
197400:03:10
i came here to australia to00:03:13
experience the great barrier reef i00:03:16
didn't really know i'd read about it in00:03:17
national geographic00:03:19
and books00:03:21
and00:03:22
came up the host and patch went out of00:03:25
hands to green island00:03:27
and that was the only tourism there was00:03:29
no everything you see today the six00:03:32
billion dollar industry 60 000 people00:03:35
none of that existed it was just a few00:03:38
fishing boats and this one00:03:40
ferry that used to go to green island00:03:42
and00:03:44
got there jumped off and it was amazing00:03:47
mind-boggling the dance of life00:03:50
the next hour that you're in the water00:03:52
you will see more animals than you will00:03:55
the rest of your life i had done00:03:57
snorkeling when i was like 11 and 1200:04:00
like with time and i think that was my00:04:03
change of life00:04:04
because it went from being00:04:06
just generally loving animals00:04:09
snakes liz crocodiles things like that00:04:12
and also once you were in the water then00:04:15
it was00:04:16
3d it was00:04:18
you know in your face and00:04:20
so much more pain in nature in a forest00:04:23
or in the mountains when you jump in00:04:25
like a barrier really before week00:04:28
it's just hundreds of things and00:04:31
thousands of them00:04:36
once we start diving below the surface00:04:38
we have to agree with john romney00:04:41
it's overwhelming just how colorful00:04:43
alive and densely populated the reef00:04:45
happens to be00:04:51
among the fish we see gigantic swarms00:04:55
on one hand there are larger groups of00:04:57
fish that roam the reef together00:05:00
on the other hand we find dozens of tiny00:05:02
colorful fish that stay close to their00:05:04
corals along with other fellows of their00:05:07
kind00:05:08
this way they can quickly hide inside00:05:10
the branching structures when danger is00:05:12
nearby00:05:19
of course the corals themselves are a00:05:21
feast for the eyes00:05:23
with over 500 different species that00:05:25
inhabit the reef the corals impress with00:05:28
countless forms and stunning colors00:05:47
after all these impressions it's evident00:05:50
just why john romney made the decision00:05:52
to stay in australia00:05:58
he started out in the fishing industry00:06:00
and later went on working in tourism00:06:05
during this time he made use of every00:06:08
opportunity to snorkel and enjoy the00:06:10
enchanting act that presented itself00:06:12
underwater00:06:16
this way he experienced the spread of00:06:18
tourism first hand00:06:21
in present day it's an industry that00:06:23
employs over 60 000 people at the great00:06:25
barrier reef alone and makes annual00:06:28
sales in the billions00:06:37
but with time romney noticed00:06:39
transformation in the reef00:06:41
throughout the years a grave problem00:06:44
began to appear that now turned into a00:06:46
threat to the rich diversity of species00:06:48
in the great barrier reef00:06:49
a growing number of the corals are dying00:06:54
it's been an evolution of coming first00:06:57
seeing a week in an incredibly vital00:07:00
vibrant00:07:01
condition00:07:02
and now over the years it's just00:07:05
decreased over time and with this last00:07:09
bleaching event of 201600:07:12
it's been like00:07:14
it's so emotional it's completely00:07:16
changed that you went wow this was a00:07:18
global warning this is00:07:20
the canary in the coal mine this is the00:07:23
turning point for me that we know we00:07:25
must really act now00:07:28
or we will lose the barriers00:07:31
we won't lose all the coral in the world00:07:34
no but we might go into the dark ages00:07:37
and forwards right it won't be what we00:07:39
see today we won't have the fish we'll00:07:41
lose the biodiversity we'll even00:07:44
possibly lose our food security we are00:07:47
out of our ignorance and lack of00:07:49
commitment00:07:51
really tampering with00:07:53
the basic00:07:55
uh physics00:07:56
of the ocean and that could be00:07:59
catastrophic00:08:01
the bleaching event that john rumney00:08:03
refers to bears this name for a reason00:08:07
actually the term is quite fitting00:08:09
a major part of the reef consists of00:08:11
limestone naturally of white color00:08:14
it formed from coral excretions and00:08:17
functions similar to a skeleton00:08:20
the corals receive their varying colors00:08:22
from a symbiotic relationship with00:08:24
different types of algae a relationship00:08:26
of mutual partnership00:08:28
the algae supply the corals with oxygen00:08:31
and energy00:08:32
but these algae are very sensitive when00:08:34
it comes to their environment00:08:36
a change in the water's chemistry or00:08:38
just a change in temperature00:08:40
can cause a devastating chain reaction00:08:42
that kills off the symbiotic algae and00:08:45
thereby results in the death of the00:08:47
corals00:08:49
this way the bleaching event of 201600:08:52
caused a vast number of algae and corals00:08:54
to die off00:08:56
leaving nothing but blank white00:08:57
limestone00:08:59
this became the term's infamous origin00:09:03
the event left nothing but a spooky00:09:05
wasteland00:09:06
it's even more frightening when one00:09:08
knows of the abundance of life that00:09:10
populated this place just recently00:09:13
with this in mind the dead corals00:09:15
appeared just like a large pile of00:09:17
carcasses00:09:19
almost resembling a dunning graveyard00:09:22
however this hasn't been the first time00:09:25
between 1985 and 201200:09:28
the total coral covering of 2800:09:31
shrunk by more than half of that amount00:09:34
to an alarming 13.8 percent00:09:37
further drops ranging from 5 to 10 over00:09:40
the next 10 years are thought to be00:09:42
inevitable00:09:43
caused by humanity's emission of carbon00:09:45
dioxide00:09:57
i think that the very reef is this first00:10:01
symbol the first visible00:10:03
example of what is coming00:10:06
like yes the coils are sensitive to00:10:08
temperature so we've had a definite00:10:11
temperature rise00:10:12
due to00:10:13
the you know co2 emissions00:10:16
with this coral bleaching we're having00:10:17
this00:10:19
definite effect on the reef health and00:10:21
many of the corals are dying so the next00:10:23
event more will die and more will die so00:10:26
this is a process of deterioration what00:10:29
we will lose is the biodiversity the00:10:32
most different species in a given area00:10:35
are right here on barrier reefs00:10:38
you know thousands of times more animals00:10:41
per00:10:42
you know 100 meters than00:10:44
in other parts of the ocean00:10:47
that very variety that romney speaks of00:10:50
and that we witness around us is what00:10:53
makes the great barrier reef so unique00:11:00
but where does this variety come from in00:11:02
the first place00:11:04
first and foremost00:11:06
it's the work of the corals themselves00:11:09
the main actors in our globe's reefs are00:11:12
the stone and fire coral00:11:15
over the course of many millennia00:11:17
these living beings created giant00:11:19
formations and even entire islands00:11:23
among those are the bahamas bermuda and00:11:26
the maldives00:11:28
but none of these are larger than the00:11:30
great barrier reef00:11:44
[Music]00:11:49
corals even compete with us humans as00:11:51
the constructors of the largest00:11:52
connected structures on our planet00:11:56
corals being part of the group nadaria00:11:59
achieved this by constantly releasing00:12:01
limestone00:12:03
the symbiodinium a microorganism that00:12:05
lives in a symbiotic relationship with00:12:07
the coral00:12:09
helps with the calcification and supply00:12:13
the symbiodinium supplies the coral with00:12:15
hydrogen00:12:16
and when it comes to the water's00:12:18
temperature they are very sensitive00:12:20
it always has to remain between 20 and00:12:23
30 degrees celsius which is why they're00:12:25
mostly found in flat tropical and light00:12:28
flooded waters00:12:32
stone and fire corals are nothing but00:12:35
gigantic colonies of single polyps00:12:39
every single polyp is only about one00:12:42
centimeter in size00:12:45
despite the food supplied by their00:12:47
symbiotic partners00:12:48
their diet consists mostly of plankton00:12:50
organisms that they catch using their00:12:52
tentacles00:13:08
fire corals are named after their00:13:09
stinging cells00:13:11
which they can use to break through the00:13:13
human skin and inject a painful poison00:13:17
the symptoms are similar to those of00:13:19
touching poison ivy where the pain can00:13:21
last from two days to up to two weeks00:13:24
the injuries can even lead to scars that00:13:26
sometimes remain visible for a lifetime00:13:30
divers should be especially careful not00:13:32
to make the common mistake of confusing00:13:34
a fire coral with seaweeds00:13:47
in order to protect themselves and fight00:13:49
for their space in the reef00:13:51
corals make use of so-called defense00:13:54
polyps that are larger than the normal00:13:56
ones00:13:57
they can use them to inject a poison00:13:59
into the opponent's tissue thereby00:14:02
destroying it entirely00:14:05
when it comes to the spreading among00:14:06
sessile species the ones that are unable00:14:09
to move about00:14:11
fire corals are very successful00:14:13
in the battle for light and space they00:14:16
can overgrow their rival very00:14:18
effectively as they grow relatively fast00:14:21
but they're unable to do so without a00:14:23
symbiotic relationship with the00:14:24
symbiodinium00:14:26
and that very species is in grave danger00:14:29
of going extinct00:14:31
the bleaching event of 2016 didn't just00:14:33
startle john romney00:14:37
the berry reef is the first symbol or00:14:40
the first sign it's the fever oh we00:14:42
better go to the doctor oh look it looks00:14:44
like you might have cancer00:14:46
ah well what's the treatment well stop00:14:49
smoking or you know whatever it is that00:14:51
you need to adjust00:14:53
and take some00:14:54
remedies in our case our remedies is00:14:57
pull co2 back out of the air00:15:00
stop polluting it pull it back get the00:15:02
temperature of the water coming down but00:15:04
what this co2 is doing is changing00:15:08
the acidity of the ocean co2 in the air00:15:12
co2 absorbs to the water straight00:15:14
physics there's no political agenda here00:15:16
there's straight physics what does that00:15:18
do to the animal life in the ocean00:15:21
well00:15:22
it affects it it stops being able to00:15:24
make its00:15:25
the corals won't be able to lay their00:15:27
themselves down but everything that's00:15:28
making the oxygen in the ocean today00:15:31
the zoo plant and the folk you know00:15:34
is related to the water chemistry00:15:41
as we can see this coral reef is a00:15:43
highly sensitive and fragile structure00:15:48
and since the reef is home to thousands00:15:50
of other species this presents a grave00:15:53
danger00:15:58
[Music]00:16:00
their branching structures don't just00:16:02
offer protection to other creatures00:16:04
their miraculous ability is the00:16:07
transformation of nutrient poor areas00:16:09
into flourishing oases00:16:16
some species such as the trigger fish00:16:18
are specialized in eating corals00:16:28
without this highly specific source of00:16:30
food00:16:31
they would quickly starve out00:16:34
the difference between a flat and bleak00:16:36
bottom below the surface00:16:37
can easily be noticed in these00:16:39
borderlands00:16:41
in comparison to the areas covered in00:16:43
corals00:16:44
the stark sand is lifeless in these00:16:46
areas00:16:47
making it a marine counterpart of a00:16:49
desert00:16:51
the little fish can find almost nothing00:16:53
to eat in these regions00:16:55
which is why very few of them ever come00:16:57
here00:16:58
and when there's no little fish00:17:00
the larger carnivores can hardly find00:17:02
anything to eat as well00:17:05
the white tip reef shark is one of those00:17:08
but for us it's a chance to take a00:17:10
closer look at this creature00:17:13
the white tip reef shark is a00:17:15
comparatively smaller shark from the00:17:17
subspecies of the requiem sharks00:17:20
its typical body length measures 1.600:17:22
meters when fully grown00:17:25
normally they weigh a mere 18 kilograms00:17:28
making the white tip reef shark a true00:17:30
light weight among the other kinds of00:17:32
sharks00:17:33
a great white shark can weigh up to 3.500:17:36
tons00:17:37
making it almost 200 times as heavy00:17:48
the white tip reef shark is recognized00:17:50
by the white tip of his first back fin00:17:54
sometimes other fins have the same00:17:55
coloring00:18:00
further characteristics are the slender00:18:02
body and the short and broad head with00:18:04
its rounded nose00:18:11
as its name suggests this shark lives00:18:14
almost entirely near coral reefs00:18:30
[Music]00:18:35
as we can see here the white tip reef00:18:37
shark moves with the help of an intense00:18:40
wriggling movement00:18:49
[Music]00:18:51
in contrast to the other types of00:18:53
requiem sharks he can remain on the sea00:18:55
floor for long periods of time without00:18:58
making a single move while pumping00:19:00
breathing water through its gills00:19:02
this almost makes it look as if the00:19:04
shark is taking a rest in the cozy sand00:19:07
this impression grows when other fellow00:19:09
whitetips join him by his side00:19:11
which happens on a regular basis00:19:23
unlike other sharks these little fellas00:19:26
don't have a territorial behavior00:19:28
in other words they aren't bothered by00:19:30
fellow white tips in their vicinity00:19:37
white tip reef sharks are loyal to their00:19:39
area00:19:40
single individuals remain in the same00:19:42
part of the reef for months and years00:19:45
or they return after short trips00:19:51
it's rare that they swim across longer00:19:53
distances and find a new place to settle00:19:55
down00:19:56
that's why their neighbors are of great00:19:58
importance to the whitetips and john00:20:00
romney wishes that we humans would take00:20:02
that into greater consideration00:20:08
as an individual in your house in your00:20:10
apartment you're not allowed00:20:13
to put your waste in your neighborhood00:20:15
but it's okay if industry does it00:20:18
it's okay if we collectively do that00:20:21
because00:20:22
it's not really visible00:20:24
but the billions of dollars that are00:20:26
being spent00:20:27
by00:20:28
the fossil fuel industry to lobby00:20:30
influence decisions do both science and00:20:33
that is really criminal like the in the00:20:36
years to come we there's now the war00:20:39
crimes court well there will be crimes00:20:42
against humanity by these present00:20:44
politicians for they're00:20:47
not00:20:48
listening to the facts not listening to00:20:50
the science and making stewardship00:20:52
decisions00:20:56
that's why romney and his colleagues00:20:58
would like to explore the reef on their00:20:59
own00:21:04
they want to engage in independent00:21:06
studies on what exactly goes on in the00:21:08
reef00:21:10
part of that are dives during the night00:21:12
an activity that very few tourists would00:21:14
even take into consideration00:21:24
however it can be highly interesting to00:21:26
look around the reef at night00:21:29
the first thing that one can notice00:21:31
most of the fish are gone00:21:34
they hide in the reef and many of them00:21:36
have their own familiar places to which00:21:38
they return again and again00:21:42
no wonder as dozens of nocturnal00:21:44
predators happen to roam the reef00:21:52
but even the corals have an entirely00:21:54
different nightlife00:21:56
many species only extend their tiny00:21:58
tentacles at night which they use to00:22:00
filter food from the water00:22:05
they are also fed by the symbiodinium00:22:08
but at night their tentacles help them00:22:10
acquire additional plankton from the00:22:12
water00:22:18
the skeletal growth of the algae also00:22:20
increases at night00:22:22
an enzyme that encourages this growth00:22:24
has been measured at double amounts00:22:26
during night time00:22:31
the reproduction of many types of stone00:22:33
corals is also controlled by the phases00:22:35
of the moon00:22:37
but that's only one element that makes00:22:39
it a complicated process among these00:22:40
creatures00:22:42
most types of soft corals are male or00:22:45
female00:22:46
but there are exceptions that can be00:22:48
hermaphrodites00:22:49
meaning that they are both00:22:51
depending on the kind there are two ways00:22:54
of reproduction among corals00:22:56
in the first and most common way00:22:59
egg cells and sperm are ejected into the00:23:01
water where they meet and fertilize00:23:04
however the chance of a successful00:23:06
fertilization is very slim00:23:09
that's why the act has to be well00:23:10
coordinated and perfectly timed00:23:13
once the corals are successful the00:23:15
developed larva starts its life in a00:23:17
planktonic way as it floats motionlessly00:23:20
through the water only when it reaches a00:23:23
reef does it settle down and convert00:23:25
itself into a founding polyp of a00:23:27
potential colony00:23:29
another way of reproduction among corals00:23:31
is the sole ejection of sperm00:23:34
it then fertilizes an egg cell that00:23:36
remained with the polyp and hasn't been00:23:38
ejected00:23:39
the larva is given away into the water00:23:41
after days or even weeks00:23:43
by that time they're already prepared00:23:46
for their transformation into a polyp00:23:49
as we can see00:23:50
dozens of things can go wrong in the00:23:52
reproduction process of corals but00:23:54
that's nothing compared to the problems00:23:56
that other species face as a result of00:23:58
human influence on the seas00:24:00
the experts on the great barrier reef00:24:02
agree that something has to be done and00:24:04
it has to be done don't just do business00:24:07
as usual think00:24:12
start thinking00:24:13
because right now we don't see the00:24:15
symptoms we're just getting the fever00:24:17
you know we're just starting to have the00:24:20
maybe the00:24:22
property in the lungs00:24:24
uh so00:24:25
you know oh so what are we going to do00:24:27
what's our medical treatment well stop00:24:30
putting co2 in here find ways of pulling00:24:32
co2 out of the air just manage we're the00:24:35
ones our standard of living our air00:24:38
conditioning our heating our cars our00:24:40
luxury all the science that we have and00:24:42
we're spending00:24:44
is00:24:45
really part of the problem00:24:51
of course our technology doesn't only00:24:54
have a negative effect and that counts00:24:56
for the reef as well00:24:58
after all it helps us in our research of00:25:00
these underwater worlds and as romney00:25:02
has said himself00:25:04
it's important to interest people in the00:25:06
reef and sensitize them to its problems00:25:09
electronic media can be of great help in00:25:12
this matter which is why we continue our00:25:14
journey through the wonder world of the00:25:15
reef00:25:20
another stunning phenomenon that we00:25:22
witness00:25:23
are fish swarms00:25:29
it's common to spot fish in such groups00:25:32
but beneath that00:25:34
lies a complex mechanism00:25:37
swarms can generally be divided into two00:25:40
groups00:25:41
the real and the unreal swarm00:25:44
members of the real ones are fish such00:25:46
as the horse mackerel the diagonal00:25:49
butterfly fish and the big eye00:25:52
a real swarm always consists of the same00:25:54
number of fish and most of the time00:25:57
they're fish of the same kind and age00:25:59
group00:26:00
when they're left alone they seem lost00:26:03
and irritated00:26:04
once they're in a group however they00:26:06
communicate with each other00:26:09
swarmfish always swim the same distance00:26:12
from and parallel to each other in the00:26:14
same direction00:26:20
the fish often have a silver coloring00:26:23
which enables them to shine and blink in00:26:25
their maneuvers00:26:26
thereby irritating approaching predators00:26:38
other types of fish are unreal swarm00:26:40
fish which have similar characteristics00:26:42
to the real ones00:26:44
they're also called group fish00:26:46
however they only gather when there's an00:26:48
imminent threat and these swarms consist00:26:51
of species of various kinds and age00:26:53
groups00:26:55
but the advantages remain the same as in00:26:58
a real swarm00:26:59
swimming in groups or swarms increases00:27:02
the chances of survival for every single00:27:04
fish in case of an attack through00:27:06
predators00:27:07
on his own the fish would barely be able00:27:10
to escape00:27:11
predatory fish are more efficient when00:27:13
they concentrate on a single target00:27:15
rather than multiple fish at once00:27:18
in addition the large number of fish in00:27:21
a swarm make it easier to detect an00:27:23
assailant early on00:27:26
ironically a large number of fish often00:27:29
attract some predators in the first00:27:31
place00:27:32
that's why building a swarm is only00:27:34
worth it when the living space is vast00:27:36
and when there's an abundant supply of00:27:38
food to provide for the entire group00:27:41
both of these factors are given in the00:27:42
reef by nature00:27:46
additionally swarms are a great00:27:48
advantage when on the hunt00:27:50
with the help of cunning hunting00:27:51
techniques such as the skillful00:27:53
surrounding or chasing the prey is00:27:55
hunted down faster and easier00:27:58
here we can see a swarm of barracudas00:28:00
that make use of this technique00:28:02
in some areas00:28:04
divers fear these predatory fish even00:28:06
more than they fear sharks00:28:08
some types of barracudas can grow to00:28:10
sizes of up to a meter and their big00:28:13
fangs can cause considerable damage00:28:16
fully grown barracudas usually turn into00:28:19
rogues00:28:21
but when they're still young00:28:23
they travel in swarms to increase their00:28:25
chances of survival00:28:36
for us as spectators these colorful00:28:38
swarms present us with a selfish00:28:40
advantage00:28:41
they're a marvelous sight to see and00:28:44
it's that optical glory that attracts00:28:46
the masses of tourists00:28:48
but their presence in these areas is not00:28:50
just a blessing as they present this00:28:53
ecosystem with an ecological problem00:28:58
tourism is00:28:59
you know definitely00:29:01
an issue00:29:02
but if people don't care00:29:05
they won't do anything about it so the00:29:08
more we can00:29:09
harness the passion00:29:11
of someone that's seen the wreath and00:29:13
experienced the bounty of nature00:29:16
then the more likely they will go home00:29:19
and make more appropriate decisions so00:29:21
it's very00:29:22
important to have the interpretation00:29:25
and the explanations on the books we00:29:27
basically created research00:29:30
flash eco-tourism before it was even a00:29:33
word and we would do expeditions00:29:36
so we harnessed the tourist dollar to00:29:38
fund research and conservation00:29:41
and we've been doing that since 95. so00:29:45
there are standards there are00:29:46
improvements we still00:29:48
burn dietal fuel00:29:50
but we are then over figured out and we00:29:53
were the first commercial vessel to use00:29:56
recycled fish and chips oil00:29:58
to run our boat00:29:59
it's not that simple00:30:02
but certainly if everything that is the00:30:04
plug-in economy everything in every home00:30:06
and every industry is clean00:30:09
that's a really good start00:30:14
john rumney's passion is fueled to this00:30:16
day by his experience in the 1970s00:30:22
in present day00:30:23
experiencing the reef's entire glory and00:30:25
variety is only possible in our fantasy00:30:29
a glory and variety he saw before his00:30:31
eyes in reality00:30:34
by making use of a color filter00:30:36
we can revive the atmosphere from the00:30:38
past because these memories slowly fade00:30:41
out just like an old movie filmed in00:30:43
super 800:30:48
of course many of the species rumney saw00:30:50
back then can still be seen today00:30:53
one example is this trumpet fish00:31:12
despite his amusing looks00:31:14
this creature is a flesh-eating predator00:31:17
his form which might seem awkward to us00:31:20
is the trumpet fish's disguise00:31:23
sometimes this fish even stands upright00:31:25
among soft corals and seaweed while00:31:28
imitating its movements to appear00:31:29
entirely harmless00:31:31
but once the prey comes too close00:31:33
the trumpet fish seals its fate in rapid00:31:36
movements00:31:46
the trigger fish and the file fish who00:31:48
are far relatives of blowfish are more00:31:51
calm in their way of life00:31:53
they have a very stable jaw which they00:31:55
can use to tear off stone corals and nod00:31:58
them as we can see here00:32:04
but not all the species were as lucky as00:32:06
the trigger fish or the trumpet fish00:32:08
since the 1970s00:32:10
many life forms have been lost due to00:32:12
the decay of the reef00:32:19
today the great barrier reef is00:32:21
different than it was in the past00:32:23
and that is clearly proven by the00:32:25
numbers00:32:26
but that's just why romney doesn't give00:32:29
up his fight to at least preserve the00:32:30
present-day status of the reef00:32:38
he doesn't object to tourism as he00:32:40
doesn't want to keep anybody from00:32:41
visiting and experiencing the reef00:32:44
but it's just that experience that he00:32:46
wants to keep from going extinct00:32:50
currently it seems as if future00:32:53
generations won't have anything left of00:32:55
this beautiful reef00:32:59
that's why his approach is to explain00:33:01
the issue to as many visitors as00:33:02
possible and thereby sensitize them to00:33:05
the reef's problems00:33:07
because it's not only the large00:33:08
companies and governments who are00:33:10
important in averting the imminent00:33:11
danger00:33:12
we can all play a small part in00:33:14
protecting the reefs00:33:16
so everybody can do little things but00:33:19
like yourself00:33:21
everybody can start to look you know how00:33:23
much in there for the new carbon offsets00:33:26
i00:33:27
uh myself and the great fairy legacy are00:33:30
involved with the pilot program00:33:32
of creating the most intensive00:33:35
carbon sequence00:33:38
experiment00:33:39
because the normal force that you would00:33:41
plant in trees is00:33:42
there's one and every three to five00:33:44
meters there's another tree and in 10000:33:46
years they grew this lady etc so that's00:33:49
positive but that's very slow whereas00:33:52
we've been doing experiments to create00:33:55
the absolute most intensive carbon00:33:58
forest00:33:59
that will be 80 to 90 percent00:34:02
carbon cube00:34:04
of you know 10 square meters 20 square00:34:07
meters uh and and that can accelerate00:34:10
the carbon absorption00:34:12
hundreds and hundreds of percent00:34:14
so this is a bit subtle but once there00:34:17
is a price on carbon00:34:20
if it's around 10 or more then the00:34:23
sugarcane industry farmer may make more00:34:26
money with less work00:34:28
by bringing carbon in00:34:31
and that is the solution because we not00:34:33
only have to stop what we're doing we00:34:35
have to pull back00:34:37
some immense amounts in order to get a00:34:40
stable temperature we have two major00:34:42
threats00:34:43
the biggest even identified by the great00:34:45
barrier reef marine park authority is00:34:48
that00:34:50
this climate change the co2 emissions is00:34:53
causing increase in temperatures00:34:55
and therefore will affect our region the00:34:57
second and what has been going on now00:35:00
for 100 years is00:35:02
the agricultural runoff which is the00:35:05
fertilizer pesticide so going on smother00:35:08
interview changing the chemistry of the00:35:11
water00:35:12
supporting00:35:13
an increased00:35:15
boom and crowless orange starfish00:35:18
and then for their eating degree i think00:35:20
what we need to do is invest in the00:35:22
science for best practice and then what00:35:24
are the carrot and sticks to implement00:35:26
best practice if we decide you want to00:35:28
save the barrier reef then we should00:35:30
help the farmers get there00:35:32
it's not their fault i mean they've been00:35:34
you know doing this for 100 years so00:35:38
if now it's important to do we should00:35:40
make it00:35:41
financially00:35:42
viable for them to do that00:35:48
just like the many different fish corals00:35:50
and other species cooperate in00:35:52
maintaining a functioning ecosystem00:35:54
we humans should work together in order00:35:56
to preserve this variety00:36:14
a typical symbol of environmental00:36:16
protection is seen here00:36:18
and it's one of the largest inhabitants00:36:19
of the great barrier reef00:36:21
the sea turtle00:36:24
there's a total of seven kinds of giant00:36:26
turtles00:36:28
six of which can be found at the great00:36:29
barrier reef00:36:34
despite their length of one and a half00:36:36
meters and weight of over 200 kilograms00:36:39
the sea turtle floats elegantly in the00:36:41
water00:36:42
here she's in her element as she glides00:36:45
through the sea like a bird in the sky00:36:48
it's here where the sea turtle spends00:36:50
most of her life00:36:51
the sea turtle is not faithful to its00:36:53
habitat00:36:54
there's no one single place in which it00:36:56
lives00:36:58
every year the sea turtle travels over00:37:00
far distances00:37:03
in the beginning of its life the sea00:37:05
turtle feeds on crabs and jellyfish as00:37:08
well as on fish eggs00:37:10
when it grows older however it turns00:37:12
into a vegetarian00:37:14
a sea turtle can reach ages of up to 5000:37:17
years00:37:22
as mentioned before the sea turtle is a00:37:24
threatened species00:37:26
the main reason is its popularity as a00:37:29
delicacy in asian countries as well as00:37:31
the use of its shell in the crafting of00:37:33
accessories and charms00:37:36
since 1979 it's illegal to catch and00:37:40
trade with sea turtles00:37:42
nevertheless00:37:43
thousands die every year as they're00:37:46
hunted illegally or caught along with00:37:48
crab fish00:37:50
it's another example of the ignorance00:37:52
that some people display in their00:37:53
treatment of marine species00:38:02
it's this very behavior that john rumney00:38:04
denounces as he wishes that people would00:38:06
have more respect for their environment00:38:08
and would start to give it more thought00:38:12
if that doesn't happen00:38:14
the condition of these breathtaking00:38:15
reefs and its sympathetic inhabitants00:38:18
will worsen significantly00:38:22
australia is now leading the world and00:38:24
being you know00:38:26
arrogant00:38:27
and really really stupid00:38:29
in00:38:30
trying to because they are listening to00:38:32
their00:38:33
uh fossil fuel industry lobby groups and00:38:37
really making decisions based strictly00:38:39
on that there's so much evidence that00:38:42
you know00:38:43
and the common joy and from the common00:38:45
people there is protest and it's like00:38:48
coral00:38:49
not cold00:38:51
all right keep your hole in the ground00:38:53
and we have a chance00:38:55
if you keep putting the coal00:38:58
co2 in the air we're going to reach00:39:00
tipping points and we don't even know00:39:02
where it is you know we have these00:39:03
estimated you know temperature rises00:39:06
that has not even begun to calculate the00:39:09
methane and the tundra and all these00:39:11
other things that may happen and00:39:14
they00:39:15
you know huge areas of africa and middle00:39:17
east and australia will be uninhabitable00:39:21
with00:39:22
four to six degrees more centigrade in00:39:24
temperature00:39:25
so that's where we're headed that is00:39:28
business as usual00:39:34
for many years now romney has been00:39:36
actively engaged in the protection of00:39:38
the reefs00:39:40
that's why he can be considered a00:39:41
trooper or even a veteran of the reef00:39:45
but among the inhabitants of the reef00:39:47
there lives someone who's a real00:39:49
old-timer in the literal sense of the00:39:51
word00:39:52
the giant clan00:39:55
giant clams can reach an age of up to00:39:57
100 years00:39:59
their tough enduring shells which remain00:40:02
well after they pass on can grow even00:40:04
older00:40:06
the great giant clam is the largest of00:40:08
all known species of clans00:40:11
they can reach lengths of up to 14000:40:14
centimeters and a body mass of up to 40000:40:17
kilograms00:40:18
all giant clams live in the indo-pacific00:40:21
region and populate coral reefs00:40:24
they live together with symbiotic algae00:40:26
that live in their lips and provide the00:40:28
clam with food and oxygen00:40:32
for quite some time now00:40:33
giant clams are a threatened species due00:40:36
to overfishing and pollution00:40:38
that's why they're now under species00:40:40
conservation00:40:41
there are attempts to conserve this00:40:43
species by aimed breeding00:40:46
as giant clams can form large pearls00:40:49
they are often subjects of myths and00:40:50
legends sometimes they're called murder00:40:53
clams as they supposedly snap for divers00:40:56
and other species and keep them from00:40:58
escaping the depths of the sea00:41:01
in reality the closing movement of clams00:41:03
is very slow00:41:06
the enormous diversity of species in the00:41:08
coral reefs brings up new discoveries on00:41:10
a regular basis00:41:13
despite the many fish that we're00:41:14
familiar with00:41:16
we find out just how complex and00:41:18
interesting corals are as they're very00:41:20
different in comparison to other life00:41:22
forms00:41:24
but in their many different forms and00:41:25
colors that can be observed in every00:41:27
part of the reef00:41:29
they are not alone in their eccentricity00:41:33
here we have another obscure life form00:41:36
similar in its color to these bluish00:41:38
corals00:41:39
a starfish00:41:41
this creature appears in the form of a00:41:43
five-armed figure00:41:45
the arms can almost remind one of a00:41:47
bunch of sausages00:41:49
but they can also have the appearance of00:41:50
a traditional star with five straight00:41:53
ends00:41:54
or it can be so round that it almost00:41:56
looks like an urchin that lost all of00:41:57
its needles00:41:59
many starfish can reproduce lost limbs00:42:02
when they're torn off by other fish00:42:04
or they can drop them for their00:42:06
protection00:42:08
far relatives of the starfish are the00:42:10
sea cucumbers00:42:12
at first glance one might not even00:42:15
recognize them as any kind of derm a00:42:17
life form with needles growing from its00:42:19
skin as they don't have the usual five00:42:22
straight ends00:42:23
the muscular and elongated body has an00:42:26
opening for a mouth at its front end00:42:28
surrounded by five rows of tentacles a00:42:30
characteristic that gives insight to its00:42:32
relation to other life forms00:42:35
instead of a skeleton the sea cucumber00:42:37
has a strong hose of mussels consisting00:42:40
of ring-length-wise musculature00:42:42
this sediment eating kind which we see00:42:45
here crawls across the seafloor and00:42:47
thereby gathers the sediment that00:42:49
contains organic components00:42:51
those parts that the sea cucumber can00:42:53
use are digested while the indigestible00:42:56
mineral sediment is excreted00:42:58
that's why these sea cucumbers can also00:43:00
be called the vacuum cleaners of the sea00:43:03
they help in keeping the reef clean and00:43:05
tidy00:43:07
even though they're not a pretty sight00:43:08
to see00:43:09
sea cucumbers have interesting00:43:11
characteristics00:43:12
as well as an important task in the reef00:43:14
that isn't evident on first sight00:43:16
if we as humans want to understand these00:43:18
relations we have to conduct further00:43:20
research00:43:22
even at the great barrier reef not all00:43:24
of its species are yet known in fact00:43:26
every time we do a research expedition00:43:29
with experts that know a certain thing00:43:31
we find new species00:43:32
so we're potentially destroying it00:43:34
before we found half of what's there00:43:36
with the latest bleaching we have00:43:38
definitely knocked off a majority of00:43:41
certain species of corals that are in00:43:43
the shallows now00:43:46
there are saint creeds that are deeper00:43:48
that are farther away00:43:50
that can receive these if the conditions00:43:53
come back to normal in a hundred00:43:55
thousand or two hundred or a million00:43:57
year view these worlds are gonna be fine00:44:01
because we'll be gone and that's those00:44:03
cycles will regenerate it might even00:44:05
take millions of years for it to go00:44:08
through the dead sea00:44:09
you know it's acid ocean00:44:11
to then come back we've done it millions00:44:14
of years ago and would do it again but00:44:17
for us to enjoy the barrier reef and eat00:44:20
fish to do what we enjoy doing on the reef00:44:23
but reach worldwide00:44:25
then i would say00:44:27
we are definitely heading that way uh00:44:30
wwf uh has estimated some of that come00:44:33
on 50 to 120 species are lost per day on00:44:38
the planet00:44:42
these numbers are more than unsettling00:44:44
as they show that even the greatest00:44:46
variety of species can shrink to just a00:44:48
number of specimens in the shortest00:44:50
amount of time00:44:53
a great example for a multi-variant00:44:55
species are the groupers00:44:58
these cozy looking fish make up a family00:45:01
of more than 160 different types00:45:06
the giant grouper is one of them00:45:09
one of the biggest fish ever discovered00:45:11
in the reef00:45:12
he can reach sizes of up to two meters00:45:16
most types however reach sizes between00:45:18
20 and 80 centimeters00:45:21
they're easily recognized by their00:45:23
prominent jaw and their seemingly big00:45:25
lips00:45:26
their back fins reach all the way from00:45:28
their head to their tail fin00:45:31
and sometimes they even have spikes on00:45:32
their upper part00:45:38
[Music]00:45:42
groupers only gather in larger groups00:45:44
for reproduction00:45:45
other than that they mostly live on00:45:47
their own00:45:50
they mostly protect a certain territory00:45:52
in the reef or at least their own caves00:45:56
and about caves00:45:58
the many caverns and hiding places in00:46:00
the reef are a great advantage of this00:46:02
habitat00:46:04
even larger types of fish enjoy the00:46:06
protection of these limestone structures00:46:10
sometimes even in larger groups as we00:46:12
can see here00:46:14
because it's not only the groupers that00:46:16
place great importance on their very own00:46:18
cave00:46:22
a creature that is especially serious00:46:23
about the protection of its home is the00:46:26
moray this creature looking similar to a00:46:30
snake as it doesn't have any fins00:46:32
has a very sharp set of teeth forcing00:46:35
intrusive divers to be careful with00:46:37
their fingers00:46:38
and the great barrier reef with its vast00:46:41
coral reefs offers the perfect hiding00:46:43
place for these creatures00:46:45
depending on its size amore can have00:46:48
multiple hideouts that may lie apart for00:46:50
up to 200 meters00:46:53
smaller types of moires almost never00:46:55
leave their home and only hunt inside00:46:57
their caves00:47:01
larger morays are also faithful to their00:47:03
homes and only leave it for reproduction00:47:05
purposes or to go on the hunt for prey00:47:16
groupers are also carnivores00:47:18
their diet normally consists of fish and00:47:20
crab-like creatures00:47:23
in order to catch their prey they00:47:25
rapidly open their mouths thereby00:47:28
creating a pole that sucks in cautious00:47:30
fish and crabs straight into their00:47:32
mouths00:47:36
groupers spawn in open water and most00:47:39
species let their eggs float off into00:47:41
the open sea00:47:43
there the larvae are safe from other00:47:46
fish00:47:48
the young fish return to the reef once00:47:50
they grow up a little00:47:54
therefore the groupers are another00:47:56
highly diverse species whose way of life00:47:58
depends entirely on the reef00:48:00
just like with most of the species that00:48:02
live here00:48:07
if humanity doesn't want to lose this00:48:08
rich diversity something has to happen00:48:11
soon00:48:21
don't just do business as usual think00:48:25
stop putting co2 in here find ways of00:48:28
pulling co2 out of the air00:48:30
the sooner we stop the sooner we have a00:48:32
chance of having a healthier world the00:48:35
great nervy is just one of the most00:48:37
magnificent places on the planet00:48:40
it's still fantastic to come here00:48:44
it's worth saving00:48:46
so let's get on with it00:48:52
a clear message from john romney whose00:48:54
passion and energy will hopefully00:48:56
inspire many people to become active in00:48:58
the field of environmental protection00:49:06
but the most convincing plea comes from00:49:08
the reefs themselves00:49:10
beaming with all of nature's splendor00:49:12
they are a symbol for life on earth00:49:21
while we let these pictures sink in00:49:23
we should keep one thing in mind00:49:26
all these fascinating species which00:49:28
we've met on our journey are potentially00:49:30
endangered00:49:34
nobody should have a bad feeling when00:49:36
enjoying this splendor00:49:38
but we should never forget00:49:39
despite only covering about 0.2 percent00:49:42
of the seafloor they are home to more00:49:44
than 30 percent of all marine life00:49:56
every little thing we can do throughout00:49:58
our day to reduce our emissions of00:49:59
carbon dioxide is of great importance00:50:03
this way we can preserve the splendor of00:50:05
the great barrier reef for future00:50:06
generations who will be able to enjoy it00:50:09
with the same awe as we do now00:50:15
[Music]00:50:34
so00:50:35
[Music]00:50:46
[Music]00:50:59
[Music]00:51:32
[Music]00:51:40
[Music]00:52:12
so00:52:14
[Music]00:52:42
[Music]00:52:51
[Music]00:53:53
youDescription:
Explore the paradise in Australia that is home to a large diversity of species including turtles, colorful fish and coral reefs. Accompany underwater cinematographers on their journey through this miracle of nature. Subscribe For More Documentaries 👉 https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCp4wHZCrDhITkiUILOd4gRw?sub_confirmation=1
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You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.
How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "The Underwater Paradise Of Australia | Great Barrier Reef | Nature Documentary | Documentary Central"?
The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.
How can I save a frame from a video "The Underwater Paradise Of Australia | Great Barrier Reef | Nature Documentary | Documentary Central"?
This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
How do I play and download streaming video?
- in video formats, hover your mouse over "Streaming Video**";
- right-click on "Copy link";
- open VLC-player;
- select Media - Open Network Stream - Network in the menu;
- paste the copied link into the input field;
- click "Play".
- copy the video address (URL);
- select "Open Network Stream" in the "Media" item of VLC player and paste the link to the video into the input field;
- click on the arrow on the "Play" button and select "Convert" in the list;
- select "Video - H.264 + MP3 (MP4)" in the "Profile" line;
- click the "Browse" button to select a folder to save the converted video and click the "Start" button;
- conversion speed depends on the resolution and duration of the video.
For this purpose you need VLC-player, which can be downloaded for free from the official website https://www.videolan.org/vlc/.
How to play streaming video through VLC player:
To download streaming video via VLC player, you need to convert it:
Warning: this download method no longer works with most YouTube videos.
What's the price of all this stuff?
It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.