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00:00:00
At the height of New York's skyscraper00:00:02
race, no one had ever seen a tower00:00:04
crane. Yet 700 ft giants rose above the00:00:07
streets. The secret was steel beams00:00:10
hauled by steam powered derks swung over00:00:13
city traffic and fixed in place by iron00:00:15
workers balancing on skeleton frames.00:00:18
Why did crews risk their lives working00:00:21
without harnesses on beams hoisted00:00:23
directly from the curb? The answer00:00:25
reveals not just how these engineering00:00:27
marvels stood without cranes, but why00:00:30
every beam and rivet demanded nerve,00:00:33
timing, and deadly precision.00:00:36
What really forced builders to invent00:00:38
new methods, and how did it change our00:00:40
cities forever?00:00:43
Steel changed the very idea of what a00:00:45
building could be. Before the 1880s,00:00:48
city skylines were shaped by stone,00:00:50
brick, and iron. Each one heavy. each00:00:53
one limiting how high walls could safely00:00:56
rise. The Bessmer process developed in00:00:59
the 1850s brought steel production out00:01:01
of the laboratory and into the heart of00:01:04
American industry. Suddenly, steel beams00:01:07
could be rolled by the thousands, each00:01:09
one strong enough to carry far more00:01:11
weight than stone at a fraction of the00:01:13
mass. By the early 20th century, this00:01:16
new material set off a race to the sky.00:01:20
Instead of relying on thick loadbearing00:01:22
walls, builders began to assemble steel00:01:25
skeletons, networks of columns and beams00:01:28
that carried the entire weight of a00:01:30
building down through a series of00:01:32
precise connections. This skeletal00:01:34
structure allowed architects to reach00:01:36
heights that would have been impossible00:01:38
with masonry alone. The load path in00:01:41
these frames ran straight down through00:01:43
the steel, bypassing the need for00:01:45
massive walls and freeing up floor space00:01:48
for offices, shops, and apartments. By00:01:51
the 1910s, New York and Chicago were00:01:54
locked in a contest to see how high00:01:56
steel could go. The Woolworth building,00:01:59
completed in 1913, soared to 792 ft,00:02:03
while the Metropolitan Life Tower and00:02:05
the Singer Building each climbed past00:02:08
600 ft.00:02:10
All of these towers relied on steel00:02:12
frames assembled one beam at a time.00:02:14
Each piece hoisted into place by derks00:02:17
rather than cranes. The sheer volume of00:02:21
steel required for these projects was00:02:23
staggering. Mills in Pittsburgh and00:02:25
Gary, Indiana rolled out custom beams on00:02:28
a schedule that stretched for months.00:02:30
Every shipment had to arrive in the00:02:32
right order, ready to be lifted from the00:02:35
street straight onto the rising frame.00:02:37
Steel's strength and flexibility made00:02:40
these towers possible. But it also00:02:42
demanded a new way of building. Every00:02:45
connection, every joint had to be00:02:47
engineered to carry the shifting loads00:02:49
of wind and gravity across dozens of00:02:52
stories. The result was a construction00:02:55
process defined by coordination, timing,00:02:57
and relentless supply. Without steel,00:03:01
the modern skyscraper would have00:03:02
remained a dream. With it, the skyline00:03:05
became a place where height was limited00:03:07
only by human ambition. And the next00:03:10
challenge was how to get all that00:03:12
material to the job site, ready for the00:03:14
iron workers waiting high above the00:03:17
street.00:03:18
Steel beams bound for New York00:03:20
skyscrapers began their journey in the00:03:22
mills of Pittsburgh in Gary, Indiana.00:03:25
Each piece was rolled to order, then00:03:27
loaded onto freight cars for a trip that00:03:29
could take several days to reach the00:03:31
city. Once the steel arrived at rail00:03:34
yards along the Hudson or East River,00:03:36
the challenge was only beginning.00:03:39
Manhattan's crowded streets left no room00:03:41
for stockpiles. Horsedrawn wagons,00:03:44
sometimes six a breast, threaded their00:03:46
way through traffic, delivering beams00:03:48
straight to the curb outside00:03:49
construction sites. In the heart of the00:03:52
city, space was measured in inches, not00:03:55
yards. There was rarely a vacant lot or00:03:58
open yard to store materials. Instead,00:04:01
beams were hoisted directly from the00:04:03
street to the rising frame above. This00:04:05
practice forced a kind of just in time00:04:07
delivery long before the term entered00:04:10
business textbooks. Every shipment had00:04:13
to arrive in the exact sequence needed00:04:15
for assembly. If a beam showed up out of00:04:17
order, it could not simply be set aside.00:04:20
There was nowhere for it to go. Work00:04:23
crews on the ground coordinated closely00:04:25
with foremen and iron workers high00:04:27
above. A beam might be unloaded from a00:04:30
wagon in the morning and hanging from a00:04:32
Derek's hook minutes later. The Derek00:04:35
operators using steam powered hoists00:04:37
swung the steel up and over the city's00:04:39
constant bustle, threading it between00:04:41
trolley wires and lamp posts. The entire00:04:45
process demanded precision, not just in00:04:47
engineering, but in timing and teamwork.00:04:50
Even a small delay could ripple through00:04:52
the schedule. If a shipment was late or00:04:55
a wagon stuck in traffic, iron workers00:04:58
might find themselves waiting on the00:04:59
beams needed for the next level. On the00:05:02
busiest sites, like the Woolworth00:05:04
building, dozens of deliveries might00:05:06
arrive in a single day. Each one was00:05:08
matched to a specific spot in the frame,00:05:10
and each was lifted straight from the00:05:12
street, bypassing the need for ground00:05:15
storage entirely. This relentless rhythm00:05:18
kept the city's skyline rising one beam00:05:21
at a time. At the heart of every00:05:24
skyscraper job in the 1910s stood the Ge00:05:27
Derek, a machine as vital as the steel00:05:30
itself. Unlike today's tower cranes,00:05:33
these derks were simple in shape but00:05:35
powerful in action. Each one featured a00:05:38
tall mast, often 50 to 75 ft high,00:05:42
anchored directly to the steel frame00:05:44
below. Four or more wire rope guidelines00:05:48
stretched out from the mast's top, tied00:05:50
off to the building's columns or heavy00:05:52
timber blocks on lower floors and even00:05:55
the street.00:05:56
These lines held the mast steady,00:05:59
fighting the constant push of wind and00:06:01
the shifting weight of every lift. The00:06:04
real muscle came from steam. Boilers00:06:07
fired up hours before dawn, feeding00:06:10
pressure to hoisting engines tucked onto00:06:13
the building's skeleton or sometimes at00:06:15
street level. These engines turned drums00:06:18
that wound up thick wire rope, often00:06:21
supplied by Robing, the same company00:06:23
behind the Brooklyn Bridge. A single00:06:25
Derek working with a steam hoist rated00:06:28
at 50 to 100 horsepower could lift 1000:06:31
tons straight into the sky, swinging a00:06:33
beam from the curb up to the 30th floor00:06:36
in minutes. The rope, sometimes more00:06:39
than 1 in thick, ran through a maze of00:06:42
pulleys at the mast head, multiplying00:06:44
the force and allowing precise control00:06:47
over each load. The layout was a study00:06:50
in balance. Every guideline had to be00:06:53
tensioned just right using turnbuckles00:06:55
and shackles anchored to the steel. Too00:06:58
much slack and the mast would sway00:07:00
dangerously. Too tight and the mast00:07:03
could bend under its own stress. Iron00:07:06
workers checked the plum with a simple00:07:08
bob and string, making fine adjustments00:07:11
before a single beam ever left the00:07:13
ground. Each anchorage, whether a00:07:15
bracket riveted to a column or a timber00:07:18
block set in concrete, had to withstand00:07:20
forces of 20 or 30 tons, a test of both00:07:24
engineering and nerve. What set the00:07:27
guide Derek apart was its ability to00:07:29
climb.00:07:31
As the building grew, the Derek could00:07:33
not simply stay put. Crews would unbolt00:07:36
its base, slacken and shift each00:07:39
guideline, and then using an auxiliary00:07:42
hoist, lift the entire mast and stool up00:07:45
to the next floor. This process, known00:07:48
as jumping, could take a few hours. The00:07:51
mast would hang briefly in midair,00:07:54
steadied by its guidelines, before00:07:56
settling onto a new set of beams, ready00:07:58
to lift again. On the Woolworth00:08:01
building, Derek's jumped every few00:08:03
floors, keeping pace with the rising00:08:05
steel. Each move required careful00:08:08
choreography, never fewer than three00:08:11
guys held under tension, with men00:08:13
stationed at every anchor and a00:08:14
signalman relaying commands to the hoist00:08:16
engineer below. The Derek's reach was00:08:20
its secret weapon. From a corner of the00:08:22
frame, the boom could swing in a full00:08:24
circle, picking up beams from the street00:08:26
and placing them deep inside the growing00:08:29
structure. On tight city lots, this00:08:32
flexibility was essential. With no room00:08:35
to store steel, every lift had to be00:08:38
timed to the minute. The Derek moving00:08:40
beams from wagon to frame in a single00:08:43
fluid motion.00:08:45
Through this blend of steam, wire, and00:08:47
human skill, the guy Derek made the00:08:50
impossible seem routine. Lifting 10 ton00:08:53
beams hundreds of feet high one after00:08:56
another. As the city's skyline took00:08:58
shape,00:09:00
a steel beam weighing close to two tons,00:09:03
hangs from the Derek's hook, swung00:09:05
skyward by steam and wire rope. It rises00:09:09
above the street, guided by tag lines,00:09:11
gripped tight in calloused hands. On the00:09:14
skeleton frame, two iron workers known00:09:17
as connectors waits balanced on a flange00:09:20
12 in wide, eyes locked on the moving00:09:22
load. A signal man perched just out of00:09:26
the swing flashes a quick hand sign.00:09:28
Down below, the hoist engineer eases the00:09:31
drum and the beam floats closer.00:09:33
Pendulum steady, the connectors pull the00:09:36
tag lines, twisting the steel into00:09:38
position and easing it onto the waiting00:09:40
columns. A slip, a gust, or a missed00:09:43
signal could send the beam swinging, but00:09:45
the men move with practiced calm. Once00:09:48
the beam is lowered into place, the real00:09:51
choreography begins. Drift pins, tapered00:09:55
steel rods are hammered into bolt holes,00:09:58
forcing the heavy steel into perfect00:10:00
alignment.00:10:02
The clang of metal echoes across the00:10:04
frame. Temporary bolts slide through the00:10:07
holes, wrenched tight by hand to hold00:10:09
the joint steady. This step alone can00:10:12
take 20 minutes, sometimes more if the00:10:14
holes resist or the steel flexes in the00:10:16
wind. Every connection must be true. A00:10:19
crooked beam means delays for the entire00:10:22
floor above. Now comes the riveting00:10:25
gang, a four-man team moving with the00:10:27
rhythm of a practiced crew. The heater00:10:30
stands at a small coal forge, flames00:10:33
licking at a nest of rivets. With tongs,00:10:36
he pulls a cherry red rivet from the00:10:37
fire and arcs it through the air, a00:10:40
glowing streak against the city haze.00:10:43
The catcher, crouched on the beam, snags00:10:45
it in a blackened tin bucket bare00:10:48
seconds before it cools. He jams the hot00:10:51
rivet into the waiting hole. On the far00:10:53
side, the bucker up braces a heavy steel00:10:56
bar against the factory head, steadying00:10:58
the rivet with his full weight. The00:11:01
riveter, wielding a pneumatic gun fed by00:11:03
hoses that snake up from compressors on00:11:05
the street, drives the tool against the00:11:08
glowing shank. The gun roars, flattening00:11:11
the end in a matter of seconds,00:11:13
mushrooming the metal into a perfect00:11:15
dome. Each rivet must be driven before00:11:18
it loses its heat. 10, maybe 15 seconds00:11:21
from forge to final head. If a rivet00:11:24
cools too soon, it is knocked out and00:11:27
the process starts again. This sequence00:11:30
repeats rivet after rivet, connection00:11:32
after connection. A single beam might00:11:35
require a dozen or more rivets. Each one00:11:38
installed in this rapid fire ballet. On00:11:41
a good day, a single gang can drive more00:11:43
than 500 rivets. The sound of their work00:11:46
ringing out over the city. The pace is00:11:49
relentless. As soon as one beam is00:11:52
finished, the gang moves to the next00:11:54
connection, following the rising00:11:56
skeleton higher into the sky. It takes00:11:59
nearly an hour from the moment a beam00:12:01
leaves the street to its final permanent00:12:03
lock in the frame. Every step, hoisting,00:12:07
aligning, bolting, riveting, [music]00:12:10
depends on the crew's coordination and00:12:12
nerve. The building grows joint by00:12:15
joint, held together by the unbroken00:12:17
rhythm of men and machines. The beat of00:12:20
steel against steel.00:12:22
100 ft above the city, iron workers00:12:25
moved with practiced confidence along00:12:27
beams just 12 in wide. There were no00:12:30
safety lines, no harnesses, only leather00:12:33
sold boots and the balance that came00:12:35
from years on the steel. Every step was00:12:38
a test of nerve and muscle. Lunch breaks00:12:41
happened right there on the frame, a00:12:43
sandwich in one hand and the city00:12:45
sprawling far below. The only thing00:12:48
between a worker and empty air was00:12:50
experience.00:12:52
Precision mattered at every moment. A00:12:54
two-tonon beam hoisted by the Derek00:12:57
could swing like a pendulum with the00:12:59
smallest gust or a misread signal.00:13:02
Communication was its own kind of00:13:03
lifeline. Voices vanished in the roar of00:13:06
steam engines and city traffic. So crews00:13:09
relied on hand signals, whistles, and00:13:11
the sharp eyes of the signal men. One00:13:14
hand raised meant hoist. A quick wave to00:13:17
the left or right told the hoist00:13:19
engineer which way to swing the load.00:13:21
Flags and megaphones helped foremen on00:13:24
the ground direct the flow, but at00:13:26
height, gestures and instinct carried00:13:28
the day. The signal man was the silent00:13:31
conductor of this operation. He stood00:13:33
where he could see both the beam and the00:13:35
hoist operator relaying each instruction00:13:38
with crisp movements. Only the signalman00:13:41
spoke to the engineer. No one else00:13:42
interrupted.00:13:44
On a busy site, dozens of lifts could be00:13:47
happening at once, each one demanding00:13:49
absolute clarity. If a signal was missed00:13:52
or delayed, a swinging beam could00:13:55
threaten anyone in its path. Even a00:13:58
small error could turn a routine hoist00:14:00
into a life-threatening crisis. Iron00:14:02
workers guided beams with taglines,00:14:05
ropes tied to the load for control. They00:14:07
used their bodies to steady the steel,00:14:10
muscles straining against the weight and00:14:12
momentum. Every placement required00:14:14
teamwork. One man watching the swing,00:14:17
another calling out, a third bracing for00:14:20
the next move.00:14:22
Apprentices learned to read not just00:14:24
signals, but the subtle cues of the00:14:26
crew, the set of a jaw, the tension in a00:14:29
rope, the rhythm of boots on steel.00:14:33
Falls were common. The job was00:14:34
dangerous, but the pace never slowed.00:14:37
The culture on these sites demanded00:14:39
toughness and trust. Each worker counted00:14:42
on his partners to do their part. To00:14:44
catch a signal, to hold a line, to keep00:14:47
the steel moving and the building00:14:49
rising. In this world, precision and00:14:52
coordination were not just skills. They00:14:55
were the only protection a man had. At00:14:58
792 ft, the Woolworth building did not00:15:02
just stretch the limits of engineering.00:15:04
It tested the boundaries of what was00:15:06
physically possible with the methods00:15:08
available in the 1910s.00:15:10
Wind was a constant adversary. When00:15:13
gusts climbed above 40 mph, every hoist00:15:17
was halted. A two-tonon beam suspended00:15:20
from a derek could swing 15 ft or more00:15:22
in a gale, putting workers in the00:15:24
building itself at risk. During one00:15:27
storm in 1911, a sudden blast at the00:15:30
25th floor forced crews to lash tag00:15:33
lines to the columns and stand down for00:15:35
two days. No amount of money or00:15:38
management pressure could change the00:15:39
weather or speed up the careful process00:15:41
of jumping derks and securing each piece00:15:44
of steel. Material supply brought its00:15:47
own set of limits. Steel orders for a00:15:49
skyscraper could take 3 to 6 months for00:15:52
mills in Pittsburgh or Gary to fill with00:15:54
every beam rolled to precise00:15:56
specifications.00:15:58
Delays at the mill or on the rails00:16:00
rippled through the entire job. If a00:16:02
shipment arrived out of order, there was00:16:04
nowhere in Manhattan to store the extra00:16:06
steel. Each piece had to be hoisted00:16:09
almost immediately. The rhythm of00:16:11
construction was set by these00:16:13
constraints, not by the ambitions of00:16:15
architects or the size of a developer's00:16:17
budget. The scale of these projects was00:16:20
staggering. The Woolworth building's00:16:23
frame alone required over 1,000 tons of00:16:26
steel in less than a week at peak pace.00:16:30
The Singer Building and Metropolitan00:16:31
Life Tower, both topping 600 ft, rose on00:16:35
city blocks barely wider than the towers00:16:37
themselves. Every lift, every connection00:16:41
was a product of relentless coordination00:16:43
between mills, railroads, wagon teams,00:16:46
and the iron workers perched on the00:16:48
frame. The city's skyline became a kind00:16:51
of living schedule. Each new floor a00:16:54
testament to the discipline and timing00:16:55
of hundreds of men and machines. But the00:16:58
cost was measured not just in steel and00:17:01
time, but in lives. Casualty records00:17:04
from the 1910s are incomplete, but the00:17:07
dangers were impossible to ignore.00:17:10
Falls, crushing injuries, and hoisting00:17:12
accidents were part of the daily00:17:14
routine. When the Empire State Building00:17:17
went up two decades later, five worker00:17:20
deaths were officially recorded, likely00:17:22
an undercount, but still a benchmark for00:17:25
progress. In the 1910s, most deaths went00:17:28
unttracked, except in the ledgers of the00:17:30
Iron Workers Union. Widows funds, first00:17:34
established in 1906, offered families a00:17:37
few hundred dollars, often $500 or less,00:17:40
raised directly from the pockets of00:17:42
fellow workers. Union pressure slowly00:17:45
pushed for better safety. But change00:17:47
came in increments, not leaps. The00:17:50
buildings that still stand today are00:17:52
monuments to that risk as much as to00:17:54
engineering. Every beam, every rivet is00:17:57
a record of skill, sacrifice, and a00:18:00
system that worked because it had to,00:18:02
within the hard limits of wind,00:18:04
material, and human endurance.00:18:08
Today, nearly every skyline still rests00:18:11
on frames set by calloused hands and00:18:13
steam powered derks, built without00:18:16
modern cranes, but engineered for00:18:18
endurance. As cities push ever higher00:18:21
with new technology, these century old00:18:24
towers quietly prove that human00:18:27
ingenuity, not just machinery, shapes00:18:29
what lasts. The steel above us remains a00:18:32
daily reminder. Progress rises tallest00:18:35
when skill and courage do the heavy00:18:37
lifting. Thanks for watching. Share your00:18:40
thoughts below.Description:
This documentary explains how skyscrapers were built in the 1910s without modern cranes, long before today’s construction technology existed. Engineers and workers relied on steam-powered hoists, derricks, pulleys, and manual labor to lift massive steel beams hundreds of feet into the air. We break down how materials were raised floor by floor, how rivet gangs worked at extreme heights, and why early skyscraper construction was both fast and incredibly dangerous. With minimal safety regulations and tight deadlines, crews pushed human endurance to its limits. From logistics to engineering ingenuity, this breakdown shows how early 20th-century builders reshaped city skylines — using tools that seem almost impossible by today’s standards.
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You can download a video to your smartphone using the website or the PWA application UDL Lite. It is also possible to send a download link via QR code using the UDL Helper extension.
How can I download an audio track (music) to MP3 "How They Built Skyscrapers Without Cranes In The 1910s"?
The most convenient way is to use the UDL Client program, which supports converting video to MP3 format. In some cases, MP3 can also be downloaded through the UDL Helper extension.
How can I save a frame from a video "How They Built Skyscrapers Without Cranes In The 1910s"?
This feature is available in the UDL Helper extension. Make sure that "Show the video snapshot button" is checked in the settings. A camera icon should appear in the lower right corner of the player to the left of the "Settings" icon. When you click on it, the current frame from the video will be saved to your computer in JPEG format.
How do I play and download streaming video?
- in video formats, hover your mouse over "Streaming Video**";
- right-click on "Copy link";
- open VLC-player;
- select Media - Open Network Stream - Network in the menu;
- paste the copied link into the input field;
- click "Play".
- copy the video address (URL);
- select "Open Network Stream" in the "Media" item of VLC player and paste the link to the video into the input field;
- click on the arrow on the "Play" button and select "Convert" in the list;
- select "Video - H.264 + MP3 (MP4)" in the "Profile" line;
- click the "Browse" button to select a folder to save the converted video and click the "Start" button;
- conversion speed depends on the resolution and duration of the video.
For this purpose you need VLC-player, which can be downloaded for free from the official website https://www.videolan.org/vlc/.
How to play streaming video through VLC player:
To download streaming video via VLC player, you need to convert it:
Warning: this download method no longer works with most YouTube videos.
What's the price of all this stuff?
It costs nothing. Our services are absolutely free for all users. There are no PRO subscriptions, no restrictions on the number or maximum length of downloaded videos.