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00:00:00
Look, this message suddenly popped up on my Windows PC, which actually still works pretty well00:00:04
. Yes, Windows 11 won't work because the hardware is too old,00:00:09
and the Windows 10 update won't be available after October 14, 2025. I'm not talking00:00:15
about cosmetic updates here, but about security holes that have not been patched.00:00:20
Seriously dangerous, then. I'll translate what Microsoft is saying into normal language00:00:24
: Yes, unfortunately you can no longer use this computer. Sorry,00:00:28
do you have to buy a new one? In this video, I'll show you how you can use this00:00:32
computer, which Microsoft has rejected, for many years to come, securely and very likely faster00:00:37
than with Windows. Yes, you probably guessed it? We're installing Linux,00:00:41
Linux Mint to be exact. It's recommended by c't 3003 and also our c't mothership for people00:00:46
who want to switch from Windows. I've installed it on two computers,00:00:51
both quite old. And what I want to try to do in this video is to show the Linux installation in a way00:00:56
that anyone can do, from start to finish, without any shortcuts,00:01:00
so that people don't wonder: How did they get there? This video is aimed00:01:04
at anyone who has a computer on which they want to install Linux Mint.00:01:09
I'll also briefly tell you what you can do besides installing Linux00:01:13
if your hardware is supposedly too old to update to Windows 11. Stay tuned.00:01:21
Welcome to... Yes, if you're interested in Linux, then data protection is00:01:32
probably on your list. And Incogni might be something for you. They're sponsoring this video.00:01:37
Yes, not only are there more and more data leaks. Unfortunately, there are now hundreds of00:01:41
data brokers who have obtained your data either legally or even illegally from some kind of server breach00:01:46
. And with that, the risk of scams and identity theft also increases. With GDPR00:01:52
and the like, there is the option to object to the use of data,00:01:56
but then you would have to write to each individual company individually. Very, very tiring. Very,00:02:01
very annoying. Incogni does this work for you and deletes you fully automatically from hundreds of00:02:06
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60% off an annual subscription at incogni.com. End of ad. So, you now have a computer00:02:41
that won't update to Windows 11 because Windows 10 says the hardware is too old or00:02:46
due to hardware limitations. You now have four options. Actually, five,00:02:50
but the fifth is really problematic and also dangerous. It would be easy00:02:55
to carry on using the thing as if nothing had happened. Yes, and that's just stupid, because, as I said,00:03:00
there are only security updates until October 13th, and00:03:05
using Windows without security updates on the internet is pretty foolish, because security holes keep popping up,00:03:10
and if they aren't fixed, then your unpatched Windows 10 is just wide open00:03:15
like a barn door. Really not a good idea. So, now come the four more or less00:03:20
sensible options. Option one is the one Microsoft suggests in this Windows 10 pop-up00:03:26
: take the computer to the recycling center and buy a new one. Yeah, well, if it still works well,00:03:31
I don't know. So this option is definitely not a 3003 recommendation.00:03:35
Yes, option two is to take advantage of an offer announced by Microsoft. It's called00:03:40
the ESU program, or Extended Security Updates,00:03:45
and with it you get security updates for another year, sometimes even for free.00:03:50
But there are conditions attached. There are three ways to get this:00:03:54
Either you activate Windows Backup – this will copy your data to the cloud,00:03:59
But only up to five gigabytes is free. If you have more data, you have to pay. The second00:04:03
option is to spend 1,000 Microsoft Rewards points on it. And honestly, Microsoft00:04:09
Rewards seems pretty half-baked to me personally – in my opinion. I00:04:14
get points for searching for a medical condition on Bing. And00:04:19
sometimes it's in Dutch. And I can't close this popup, I can00:04:23
only confirm it. Yes, search for. Okay, yes, so I'm not a fan of this Rewards program. And yes,00:04:29
there's a third option: pay money. So, $30. The euro price hasn't been00:04:34
set yet. Windows ESU, however you like, is possible. But you'll most likely00:04:40
only have a year's grace period. Option number three:00:04:45
tweak Windows 11 so that it no longer performs hardware checks. You can do this, for example, with the00:04:50
USB boot image tool Rufus. Simply click on Download here,00:04:56
select the Windows 11 language, and then click on Start. And then you can patch the USB drive accordingly beforehand00:05:02
. A lot of practical things: not only removing hardware detection,00:05:06
so that Windows 11 can be installed on computers that aren't actually supported,00:05:10
but also removing other things like the online account requirement00:05:13
. That's all practical. Personally, though, I'm unsure00:05:17
whether the unofficial patching here might prevent any future updates00:05:21
or possibly break something else that you don't see at first. So, I wouldn't00:05:26
explicitly warn against it; it's all cool. But personally, I wouldn't do it right now.00:05:32
So, here's my preferred option—as I mentioned at the beginning:00:05:37
installing Linux Mint. I did that with two older Windows 10 laptops I have:00:05:42
a roughly seven-year-old Acer Swift 7, nice and slim and fanless,00:05:46
and a ten-year-old convertible with a touchscreen, an HP EliteBook Revolve00:05:52
810 G3. Both devices have a not-so-fast Intel dual-core CPU and—00:05:58
spoiler alert—the convertible's touchscreen worked right out of the box with Linux Mint,00:06:05
so I installed it and the touchscreen worked immediately; I didn't have to install any drivers.00:06:09
Before we get into the nitty-gritty, first the most important step:00:06:13
Back up all your Windows data somewhere, for example on a USB drive. This is00:06:18
absolutely essential. There's even the option00:06:23
of transferring your running Windows completely to a virtual machine, which you can then run later under Linux00:06:28
as a VM, for example. You can even do this with an official Microsoft tool, namely Disk2vhd. But00:06:34
that's too in-depth for this video. I just wanted to briefly mention the possibility.00:06:39
A detailed article on this will be published soon at c't and Heise Plus, or rather two articles.00:06:44
So, you've backed up your data. Your Windows can be completely wiped. Think again00:06:49
carefully. That's definitely a good thing. Because even though it's theoretically possible00:06:53
to install Linux alongside Windows on the same disk,00:06:57
I explicitly don't recommend it. I've00:07:01
had bad experiences with it several times and would only do it if you have a high pain tolerance.00:07:05
If you want to keep Windows, it's better to get a second SSD for Linux. Yes,00:07:10
that's usually difficult on laptops, but it's easy to do on desktop PCs.00:07:15
But this video is supposed to have a low barrier to entry anyway. That's why I'm showing you00:07:20
the simplest method here, and also the one I recommend, in which the entire disk00:07:25
is taken over by Linux. So, for the third time: Back up everything important.00:07:30
Oh, and what are the system requirements for Linux Mint anyway?00:07:34
I'd say if your computer was bought in the last 15 years,00:07:39
it's almost certainly sufficient. So you should have four gigabytes of RAM and00:07:43
a 64-bit CPU, and yes, around 100 gigabytes of hard drive or SSD storage. That's not much, is it?00:07:50
Yes, now go to linuxmint.com, click on Download for Cinnamon Edition, look for00:07:56
a server near you and download the currently 2.8 gigabyte ISO file.00:08:01
You can now00:08:06
make it bootable onto a USB stick using Balena Etcher, for example, which is available for Windows, Linux, and macOS. To do this, simply select the USB stick00:08:11
, the ISO file, and then Flash. However, I've seen00:08:16
Balena Etcher crash several times and do strange things. That's why00:08:21
my favorite tool is actually Ventoy. Unfortunately, it's only available for Windows and Linux, not for00:08:26
macOS. Anyway, with it you can prepare a USB stick, and then00:08:30
you can simply copy the ISO files onto it, without any tools or any aids,00:08:36
just copy them onto the file system. When you then boot from it, you can select which00:08:41
ISO you want to load. This is not only super elegant and simple, but also practical00:08:46
if you want to install multiple operating systems from one stick. So you can also00:08:49
slap a Windows 11 ISO or CachyOS on it, all at the same time.00:08:54
Now it's time to boot. You have to set the computer to boot from the USB stick.00:08:59
And this is the point where the less experienced among you might00:09:04
be a little intimidated. But don't worry about it. You've backed up everything,00:09:08
so nothing bad can happen. First, of course, plug the USB stick into the computer.00:09:12
The thing is, the so-called UEFI, where, among other things, you set the computer00:09:17
to boot from the USB stick. It used to be called BIOS, but is now called UEFI. Just how you00:09:23
get in there is different for every computer. Often it's F2, often Delete,00:09:29
but sometimes F1 or the volume up key on Microsoft Surface, for example, or F12. So here00:09:35
's a little workaround, if your Windows is still running: hold down the Shift key, then Start,00:09:40
then Restart, i.e. with the Shift key held down, and then the computer should00:09:45
go to this menu. There you select Troubleshoot, Advanced Options, and UEFI Firmware Settings.00:09:51
Then Restart. Yes, and then the computer will restart and hopefully you'll be in the UEFI.00:09:56
Unfortunately, it's impossible for me to walk you through every possible scenario because it00:10:01
looks different everywhere. Here are a few tips that should get you through. Believe in yourself,00:10:07
I really do. If you can set the option between UEFI and Legacy CSM, use UEFI. If00:10:14
you see Secure Boot somewhere, enable it. I'll talk more about that later. If you00:10:19
've changed anything, for example, under Secure Boot: Secure Boot mode should be00:10:25
set to Standard Factory Keys, so reset it to that, not to Custom. To be on the safe side, you should00:10:31
first disable Fast Boot, as this could skip things you need. For00:10:35
SATA mode, you should set AHCI. Yes, and then you're done. Then look for the boot menu00:10:41
in the UEFI, where you can say once: Here, boot from the USB stick. If you can't find it,00:10:46
you can also change the boot order, putting the USB drive at the front instead of the internal00:10:52
SSD. Phew, and if everything went well, then Linux Mint will boot from the USB stick.00:10:58
And from now on, it's really super easy, I'd say. You can already see00:11:02
the desktop. But that only means that Live Mint is loaded from the USB. It's00:11:07
not yet installed on your internal SSD. If you want to do that, click00:11:11
on "Install Linux Mint" in the top left. Then you can select the language: German, keyboard layout,00:11:17
then network, for example, your Wi-Fi. You can enter your Wi-Fi password.00:11:22
Multimedia codecs are very important now. You want those, you want to click on them. And now,00:11:26
in the menu down there, enter a password for Secure Boot.00:11:31
You only have to enter a passphrase once. Then you can forget it right away. So,00:11:36
now, under the installation type, erase the hard drive and install Linux Mint. On, on,00:11:43
on. Where are you? Continue. Then enter your name and password—any00:11:48
password you like. And then the installation will begin. You'll also get a nice slideshow right away.00:11:52
With the most important functions. Wonderful. It's taking a while at the moment. It depends on00:11:57
how old your computer is. And at some point it will say "Installation completed." You can00:12:02
then click Restart. It's best to remove the USB stick first.00:12:06
And then you'll probably see this message: This is Secure Boot. And when you then00:12:11
click "Enroll MOK," enter the password you assigned in Linux Mint00:12:17
. There under Multimedia Codecs. And then you go to Enroll MOK. Continue. Yes. And then00:12:24
enter the password and then Reboot. Yes, and after that you don't need this password anymore. Because the00:12:29
certificate is then in the UEFI MOK list. It's only about00:12:36
being able to load the so-called DKMS modules. Secure Boot doesn't accept them otherwise if they aren't signed00:12:40
. That's what this password is for. It's also possible that you00:12:45
don't see the Enroll MOK yet. In that case, you'll have to enroll the MOK from disk first. Yes, a little tip from me:00:12:49
ChatGPT is quite helpful with this confusing MOK stuff. Okay, I said00:12:54
this isn't going to be too complicated. But yes, sometimes there's no other way.00:12:58
Yes, you still find the instruction in many Linux tutorials: "00:13:03
Disable Secure Boot!" I always used to do it that way, too, because it00:13:07
saves you all this MOK mock key fiddling. It's just easier. And they always said00:13:13
Linux is secure. You don't need these security features. But00:13:17
the world isn't that simple anymore. There are some nasty things under Linux these days,00:13:21
too, called bootkits. And Secure Boot definitely introduces a useful additional security layer. So00:13:28
go ahead and use it if you can manage it. If not, it's not the end of the world.00:13:33
So, an unpatched Windows 10 is a completely different source of danger than a Linux without00:13:39
Secure Boot. It's really not that bad. So if Secure Boot isn't working at all,00:13:43
it's better to disable it in the UEFI and install it without it. You can always00:13:48
add Secure Boot later. That's no problem. Oh, and when Mint is running,00:13:53
you'll get this welcome screen, and hopefully you'll notice right away that it00:13:58
's all faster than under Windows. Then you can check again to see if00:14:01
there are any additional drivers to install. This all happens automatically with the menu item here. And then00:14:06
you can update the system. And here you'll find software to install. I00:14:10
simply installed Steam there. And as you know, most00:14:15
Windows Steam games run perfectly on Linux these days. I simply installed Skyrim as a test,00:14:20
which is roughly in line with the age of the computers. And it worked right away. So I00:14:25
'm happy about the new life my laptops have. By the way, also important: If00:14:30
there are any errors in our video and we only notice them after publication,00:14:35
keep an eye on the pinned comment. So if it exists, there will be bug fixes. Yes,00:14:41
and happy Linuxing. Let us know in the comments if it worked, and of course, subscribe. Bye.Description:
Alles was ihr wissen müsst zum Windows-10-Support-Ende. (Und was ihr tun könnt. Spoiler: Hat mit Linux Mint zu tun.) ► Windows-Installation als VM in Linux weiternutzen (heise+): https://www.heise.de/ratgeber/So-lebt-Ihre-Windows-Installation-unter-Linux-weiter-10501652.html https://www.heise.de/ratgeber/Vorhandene-Windows-10-Installationen-unter-Linux-virtualisieren-10501662.html === Anzeige / Sponsorenhinweis === Hier der Sponsorhinweis für Incogni, falls ihr das noch nicht habt: Nutze den Code ct3003 unter dem folgenden Link, um einen exklusiven Preisnachlass von 60 % auf ein Incogni-Jahresabo zu erhalten: https://incogni.com/ct3003?utm_coupon=ct3003 === Anzeige / Sponsorenhinweis === ► Wie sich dieser Channel finanziert: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWLRoMP3rLU&t ► DER 3003-HYPE-NEWSLETTER: https://www.heise.de/newsletter/anmeldung.html?id=ct3003&wt_mc=intern.red.ct.ct_nl_3003.print.link.link ► Kapitelmarker: 0:00 Intro 1:29 Werbung: incogni 2:39 Keine Sicherheitsupdates für Windows 10 3:20 Was kann man jetzt tun? 5:33 Linux Mint installieren (Schritt-für-Schritt) ► Alle Newsletter von Heise: https://www.heise.de/newsletter/ ► Hier geht es zum c't-WhatsApp-Kanal: https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaCU... ► Keno auf Instagram: https://www.facebook.com/unsupportedbrowser ► c't Magazin: https://www.heise.de/ct ► und TOTAL CRAZY auf Papier! Überall wo es Zeitschriften gibt! ► Credits: Konzept & Redaktion: Jan-Keno Janssen Schnitt: Pascal Schewe Host: Jan-Keno Janssen
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